Star Trek Online

There is a repeatable daily quest that awards a series of datachips corresponding to bits of the story that lead up to the events of Star Trek Online.

For Federation (and Federation allied Romulan) characters it is acquired from Commander Viala at Starfleet Academy and is called "History 101: Alpha Quadrant from 2380". For Klingon (and Klingon allied Romulan) characters it is a available from Ch'toh at the Klingon Academy and is called "Learning the Lore of the Empire".

It is available every day and each time you complete it you get one datachip at random. You must use the datachip from your inventory* to "discover" the related piece of lore. There are 165 required for the achievement and it can drop duplicates.

A complete list is here: http://sto.gamepedia.com/Lore

You can attempt each day with each of your characters* and you can trade with other players (including using the exchange).

* Make sure to use the datachips on the same character as it (probably) is not tracked account wide.

As mentioned by Flezza, this achievement is tracked in game as a series of accolades. From the in game menu (press ), go to Missions > Mission Journal > Accolades > In Progress and then scroll down to Lore Accolades to see them.

Updated to include the correct quest name after comment from Lonesquiff.

The path to 2409 answers and questions
This is a complete list of the questions and answers for the Star Trek online event the path to 2409. This list is current as of Stardate 89805.12. I will do my best to keep it updated. In the meantime, you might be interested in the article I wrote about the event for the path to 2409. That article describes how to obtain extra data chips for fun and profit. If you are interested in the 2409 lore it is in the wiki. Enjoy this complete list of the path to 2409 answers.
Volume 1
Chapter 1 – Who was the first praetor after Shinzon’s death? Tal’aura
Chapter 2 – Which ship was retrofitted in late 2379? U.S.S. Enterprise-E
Chapter 3 – Who led the Andak project on Cardassia Prime? Keiko O’Brien
Volume 2
Chapter 1 – Who led the Romulan forces fighting the Remans? Tomalak
Chapter 2 – Who was the first empress of the imperial Romulan state? Donatra
Chapter 3 – With which planet did the Romulans in the unification movement want to reconnect? Vulcan
Chapter 4 – Who did the Cardassian government turn over for prosecution? No one
Chapter 5 – On Stardate 58839.03, construction on a Starfleet ship begain in San Francisco. What ship was it? U.S.S. Stargazer-A
Volume 3
Chapter 1 – What was in short supply on the Romulan homeworld? Food
Chapter 2 – Which family rejected Tal’aura’s reorganization of the Romulan Senate? The line of Tellus
Chapter 3 – Which planet did the Klingons take from the Romulans? Khitomer
Chapter 4 – Who did the Klingons fight when they conquered Khitomer? The Romulans
Chapter 5 – Who argued against aid for the Unification movement on Romulus? T’Los of Vulcan
Chapter 6 – What did the Doctor sue to keep from Starfleet? Mobile emitter
Chapter 7 – How many Cardassians disappeared from Cardassia Prime in 2382? 472
Volume 4
Chapter 1 – Why did violence break out in the Romulan capital? Food Rationing
Chapter 2 – Who defected to join the Imperial Romulan State? Admiral Taris
Chapter 3 – Which religious group became popular on Cardassia Prime? The Oralians
Chapter 4 – Who did Martok defeat in a duel of honor? Councilor Qolka
Chapter 5 – Which group began work to develop a mobile emitter? Soong Foundation
Volume 5
Chapter 1 – Who was Tal’aura’s new proconsul? Sela
Chapter 2 – Who went to Romulus to speak for the Imperial Romulan State? Admiral Taris
Chapter 3 – How did Tal’aura die? Assassinated as she slept
Chapter 4 – Who attacked the I.K.S. Quv? A Gorn ship
Chapter 5 – Where did Odo and Laas meet? Koralis III
Chapter 6 – Which organization was trying to restore B-4? Soong Foundation
Volume 6
Chapter 1 – Where did Jean-Luc Picard go during his final mission as captain of the U.S.S. Enterprise-E? Khitomer
Chapter 2 – Which ship was Beverly Crusher given when she was promoted to captain? U.S.S. Pasteur
Chapter 3 – Which former Enterprise-E officer helped unlock the Data Matrix? Geordi La Forge
Chapter 4 – Which organization did Seven of Nine join? Daystrom Institute
Chapter 5 – Who was the leader of the Tal Shiar? Rehaek
Chapter 6 – Who lost the campaign for Praetor after Tal’aura’s death? Sela
Chapter 7 – Who did Donatra ally with after Tal’aura’s death? The Remans
Volume 7
Chapter 1 – Which planet was overmined according to the Romulan Mining Guild? Remus
Chapter 2 – To which planet did the Remans relocate? Crateris
Chapter 3 – Whom did Rehaek blame for the assassination of Praetor Tal’aura? The Nobles
Chapter 4 – Who convinced the praetor to commute Sela’s death sentence? Donatra
Chapter 5 – What position was Data given when he returned to Starfleet? Captain of the U.S.S. Enterprise-E
Chapter 6 – Who conquered Gila IV? The Klingon Empire
Chapter 7 – How much did a protest permit cost on Ferenginar? One bar of gold-pressed latinum
Chapter 8 – Who was the First of the Alpha Jem’Hadar? Lamat’Ukan
Volume 8
Chapter 1 – Who designed the Jellyfish? Geordi La Forge
Chapter 2 – Who killed Raimus? Hassan the undying
Chapter 3 – What proposal by the Grand Nagus was rejected in 2387? Ferrengi alliance with the federation
Chapter 4 – Which planet did the Jem’Hadar occupy? Devros II
Chapter 5 – Which group first detected radiation fluctuations in the Hobus star? Romulan Mining Guild
Chapter 6 – Who did Donatra order to return to Romulus? Admiral Taris
Chapter 7 – How long did the Romulan military report it would take to evacuate the home world? Six weeks
Chapter 8 – Who did Martok appoint to be a commander of the Klingon fleet? Worf
Chapter 9 – Which ship was lost in the Hobus system with the Jellyfish? Narada
Volume 9
Chapter 1 – Which world was the first to claim the title of capital of the Romulan star empire? Rator III
Chapter 2 – Which faction refused to send aid to the Romulans? Klingon empire
Chapter 3 – Who led the faction of the High Council that blamed the Federation for the loss of the fleet? J’mpok
Chapter 4 – What is the name of Worf’s second son? K’Dhan
Chapter 5 – How many planets withdrew their ambassadors to Vulcan? 19
Volume 10
Chapter 1 – How many Romulans attempted to take over as emperor in 2389? 5
Chapter 2 – Which faction allied with the Gorn? Nausicaans
Chapter 3 – What was the name of B’Vat’s son? K’das
Chapter 4 – Where did Gul Madred build a mining operation? Septimus system
Chapter 5 – Who was the Federation Council representative from Vulcan? T’Los
Chapter 6 – What happened to expand the Doctor’s lawsuit? It became a class-action suit covering all sentient artificial lifeforms in the Federation
Volume 11
Chapter 1 – Which group wanted protection from Nausicaan raiders? Federation transport union
Chapter 2 – How many recommendations did the Klingon defense force have to improve their status? Three
Chapter 3 – Which Romulan colony requested federation protection? Talvath
Chapter 4 – Who did the crew of the U.S.S. Pasteur work with to develop a treatment for Yarmin Fel syndrome? Cardassian ministry of science
Chapter 5 – Which group sought to block the class-action lawsuit dealing with the rights of artificial lifeforms? Holonovel publishers and programmers
Chapter 6 – Which ship explored the McAllister C-5 nebula? U.S.S. Enterprise-E
Chapter 7 – Who met with the leaders of the Federation transport union? Nan Bacco
Volume 12
Chapter 1 – Who met with leaders of the Federation transport union? Federation president Nan Bacco
Chapter 2 – What was the name of the Klingon who planted the explosive at the peace conference? J’dah
Chapter 3 – Who did the Gorn talk to about an alliance? The Letheans
Chapter 4 – Who led the Klingon invasion into the Zeta Pictoris system? J’mpok
Chapter 5 – Where did Sela and her followers settle? Makar
Chapter 6 – Who agreed to finance the reconstruction of the Cardassan industrial complex? Grand Nagus Rom
Chapter 7 – What did the Soong foundation want to add to the Federation constitution? Rights for artificial lifeforms
Chapter 8 – Which ship was successful with and extremely diverse crew? U.S.S. Titan
Volume 13
Chapter 1 – Who won the election for federation president? Aennik Okeg
Chapter 2 – Where were the 2392 peace talks held? Cestus III
Chapter 3 – Which great house was supporting J’mpok in 2392? The house of Torg
Chapter 4 – Who did Gul Madred start exporting ore to? Romulans
Chapter 5 – What was the name of the Romulan capital? Rihan
Volume 14
Chapter 1 – Who did J’mpok ban from the great hall? Ambassador Worf
Chapter 2 – What is the name of the group that guards the Klingon chancellor? Yan-Isleth
Chapter 3 – Who was the arbiter of succession? B’vat
Chapter 4 – Which worlds joined the Federation in 2393? Bajor and Tama Prime
Chapter 5 – Which ship met with a being claiming to be from the Metron Consortium? U.S.S. Stargazer-A
Chapter 6 – Which group did Gul Madred hire to protect his mines? Alpha Jem’Hadar
Chapter 7 – Who did Taris clash with over the role of the military? General Tebok
Volume 15
Chapter 1 – In what system does the house of J’mpok own property? Pheben
Chapter 2 – On which planet did Melani D’ian settle? Ter’jas Mor
Chapter 3 – What happened to crime rates after Melani D’ian took control of the Orion syndicate? Increased significantly
Chapter 4 – What was the new name for the Romulan capital city being constructed on Rator III? Nova Roma
Chapter 5 – Which photonic lifeform was declared sentient by the Federation supreme court? The Doctor
Chapter 6 – What was the name of Alexander Rozhenko’s son? D’Vak
Volume 16
Chapter 1 – Where was the U.S.S. Kelso when it was destroyed? Devron Sector
Chapter 2 – How many members of Starfleet security where court-martialed after the destruction of the U.S.S. Kelso? Six
Chapter 3 – What rank was the Doctor’s Starfleet commission? Lieutenant Commander
Chapter 4 – What races rebuilt the monastery at P’Jem? Vulcan, Human, and Andorian
Chapter 5 – Where was Ja’rod when he was ambushed? Rha’darus
Volume 17
Chapter 1 – Who developed a treatment for Bloodfire? Beverly Crusher
Chapter 2 – How many warships were missing from Cardassia Prime? At least 75
Chapter 3 – Who was the leader of the Klingon defense force’s seventh fleet? D’ald
Chapter 4 – Which house did captain Klor owe fealty to? House of Martok
Chapter 5 – Who were trading ships and weapons for Sela’s decalithium? Dopterians
Chapter 6 – Who was the captain of the U.S.S. Cochrane? T’Vix
Volume 18
Chapter 1 – Which ship was Geordi la Forge given command of when he was promoted to captain? U.S.S. Challenger
Chapter 2 – Who restored the house of Duras to legitimacy? J’mpok
Chapter 3 – Who moved to the former Orion homeworld in 2397? Hassan the Undying
Chapter 4 – What did general Tebok refuse to do in 2397? Fire on civilians on Kevatras
Volume 19
Chapter 1 – Which beings did the Federation council exclude form the dual citizenship program? Artificial lifeforms
Chapter 2 – Rhea was the first person granted dual citizenship in the Federation. Where else did she hold citizenship? Ferenginar
Chapter 3 – What bloc helped Aennik Okeg win a second term as Federation President? New voters with dual citizenship
Chapter 4 – Which ship was Naomi Wildman assigned to? U.S.S. Hathaway
Chapter 5 – What kind of explosive was used in the attack on the peace conference in 2398? Ultritium resin
Chapter 6 – Who took command of the Romulan second fleet? General Velal
Volume 20
Chapter 1 – Who inspired many Ferengi to apply to Starfleet academy? Nog
Chapter 2 – Which technology formed the basis of Starfleet’s transwarp network? Borg
Chapter 3 – What did Tebok’s crew think was causing the malfunctions on the Alth’Indor? Computer virus
Chapter 4 – What did J’mpok call the Undine? qa’meH quv
Chapter 5 – Who condemned the Klingon invasion of the Gorn hegemony? Federation council
Chapter 6 – Who was allowed to stay in the first city after Federation citizens were asked to leave? Worf
Volume 21
Chapter 1 – What did the Federation do after the outbreak of war between the Klingons and the Gorn? Reinforced borders and outposts
Chapter 2 – In 2400, what did the Federation council declare to be illegal? Gorn-Klingon war
Chapter 3 – where was Harry Kim assigned in 2400? Starbase 11
Chapter 4 – Who was investigating the destruction of the I.R.W. Alth’Indor? Sela
Volume 22
Chapter 1 – Where did Sela and general Velal meet in 2401? Zeta Voltantis
Chapter 2 – Who was elected to lead the Cardassian union in 2401? Natima Lang
Chapter 3 – Who was revealed to be an Undine in 2401? Councilor Konjah
Chapter 4 – In 2401, which ship attempted to aid the Gorn? U.S.S. Lindberg
Chapter 5 – Who resigned his post after the Federation council refused to change their position on the Gorn-Klingon war? Worf
Chapter 6 – Who was named head of Starfleet corps of engineers in 2401? Miles O’Brien
Volume 23
Chapter 1 – Who blockaded the Gorn homeworld in 2402? Klingons and Orions
Chapter 2 – In 2402, Klingons attacked a Starfleet vessel during cadet Miral Paris’s senior cruise. Which ship did they attack? U.S.S. Pike
Chapter 3 – To which race may the Lorians be related? Xindi
Chapter 4 – To where did Jean-Luc Picard retire? France
Chapter 5 – Who was the leader of the True Way in 2402? Gul Madred
Chapter 6 – Who arrived to support general Velal after he rebelled against praetor Taris? Sela
Volume 24
Chapter 1 – What did the Klingons destory to allow them to land on the Gorn Homeworld? Planetary power relay
Chapter 2 – Which general was in charge of the Klingon force that invaded the Gorn homeworld? General Klag
Chapter 3 – Why did the Klingons execute the Gorn prime minister and head of military intelligence? They were Undine in disguise
Chapter 4 – Who did J’mpok give a non-voting seat on the High Council in 2403? Slathis
Chapter 5 – What is the name of emperor Kahless’s ship? I.K.S. Batlh
Chapter 6 – Who captured praetor Taris after the revolt in 2403? No one
Chapter 7 – Who was named leader of the Romulan fleet after the revolt in 2403? General Velal
Volume 25
Chapter 1 – What did Starfleet open more of in 2404? Transwarp hubs
Chapter 2 – What did the Soong foundation want Starfleet to disclose in 2404? Location and condition of all holograms
Chapter 3 – How long did J’mpok give the Federation to remove its citizens from the Hromi cluster? Three months
Chapter 4 – Where did Sela open a memorial in 2404? Remains of the Romulan homeworld
Volume 26
Chapter 1 – What was the first Federation system attacked by the Klingons in 2405? Korvat
Chapter 2 – What ship was damaged defending Korvat? U.S.S. Montgomery Scott
Chapter 3 – Who signed a non-agression pact with the Klingon Empire in 2405? The Nausicaans
Chapter 4 – What did the Ferengi agree to share with the Federation in 2405? Technology and information
Chapter 5 – Who was elected Federation president in 2405? Aennik Okeg
Chapter 6 – What planet did the Gorn attack in 2405? Sherman’s planet
Volume 27
Chapter 1 – The Klingons attempted to conquer the Archanis Sector once before 2408. In which year did that happen? 2372
Chapter 2 – In 2406, the Federation developed power cells that allowed for the creation of personal shields. Where were the power cells developed? Memory Alpha
Chapter 3 – What did the Carnegie colony provide for the Federation? Factories and replicator facilities
Chapter 4 – Who was the head of Starfleet intelligence in 2406? Chakotay
Volume 28
Chapter 1 – Who rejected the idea of a Federation-Klingon cease fire in 2407? Chancellor J’mpok
Chapter 2 – In 2407, which species was struck by the virus that devastated the Carnegie colony? Phylosians
Chapter 3 – What were the Romulans searching for in 2407? Sword of S’task
Chapter 4 – Who sought an alliance with the Klingon Empire in 2407? Letheans
Volume 29
Chapter 1 – Who is the mayor of Pike city in 2408? Jae Aaron
Chapter 2 – Who became the Romulan praetor after Sela was crowned empress? No one
Chapter 3 – What did Sela do at her coronation? Took a blood oath to uphold the empire
Chapter 4 – Where did Starfleet send the U.S.S. Enterprise-E in 2408? Starbase 236

I've noticed my individual chip accolades were registering immediately, but the volume accolades were not until I left the area or logged out and came back in. When the next area loaded, that's when my volume accolade showed up. Remember this when you want your final chip to pop your achievement.

If you're playing several different characters, you can mail your datachips to one character, to make it easier to make the best progress. I am playing a Federation and a Klingon Empire character. Instead of doing this with 2 separate accolade lists, I mail chips from my Klingon to my Fed so he could add to his bigger accolade head start. It works.

Any Klingon Empire character has to be at least level 10 (Lt Commander) to receive datachips from the library computer. Federation characters can be level 4 or higher to get datachips from the library computer. (thanks Ironshield (formerly Galren)) Also, Romulan Republic characters can join in the 2409 collecting after they choose an affiliation after the From the Ashes story arc.

Press at a mail station, then press to get to the Compose Mail tab.
Highlight the "To:" box and press .
Type a @-symbol then your gamertag. Press to submit.
--- @{gamertag} --- (example: @thedude722)
Highlight the "Subject:" box and press . Type anything and press to submit.
Highlight the small inventory slot under the large 'body' box of the email. Press .
Highlight the datachip you wish to mail to your other character and press .
Press to Send the mail.

Your receiving character must be at a Mail station to receive the attached goods. Go to your Inbox and highlight the mail with your goods. Press to secure the item into your inventory. Use the datachip from your inventory and boom. Accolade.

Only use the datachips you need. Sell the rest on the Exchange so you can afford to buy gear or any missing datachips when you get a near-full collection.

All the solutions posted below are correct, but they are missing the fast method. At the exchange if you search for "Datachip" under the "All" subsection you will be presented with a list of all datachips needed for the various achievements. You can then buy any chip you need to compete your list. They can be expensive so I recommend checking daily to see which are available cheap.

This method relies almost entirely on credits. The best way to make quick credits are anomalies within missions. By completing the wave match puzzle, resources will be awarded in 3-5 (usually) increments. I have found that all resource types obtained through this manor can be sold for 10k credits each. Also look at other objects in your inventory that could have worth and search for them on the exchange. The more credits you make the better. I have seen some guides that let Klingon characters make around 600k credits/hour, but I have not tried it as I am playing as the Federation.

Finally, dont forget to get your free datachip by completing the History 101/102 quests daily. Even if you dont get the chip you need, you can sell it to someone else who needs it.

The fastest way I've found of getting additional data chips (without buying them from the market) is to fill your available character slots with Jem'Hadar characters. The "tutorial" for them is 2 easy and fairly short missions (running around on a planet, then flying around in space, then big battle in a different part of space) and since you start at level 60 you can pick either faction and immediately get access to their data chip daily mission. I recommend picking Federation as the computer for the data chip is right next to the mission giver, as opposed to Klingon which makes you run into the building a bit away from the mission giver.