Ikaruga

Uzura is apparently the name of the stage 3 boss. It consists of a ring of light and dark cannons around a central hub. If you destroy it before time runs out, you will unlock this achievement.

Tips:
At the beginning of the battle, stay in light mode and shoot the dark cannons as they revolve towards you. The walls move slowly at first, so you should have time to destroy most of them. Keep an eye out for the indestructible blocks which revolve in the opposite direction.

However! Once half the cannons are destroyed, the central hub begins to shoot out huge light and dark beams that rotate in the opposite direction. To make the second half easier, do not destroy the last dark cannon quite yet. Instead, shoot the light cannons down to low health as the outer ring makes another full revolution. Watch out for the indestructible blocks!

When the last dark cannon comes around again, destroy it. Light and dark beams will start shooting out from the central hub. Switch to dark mode and position yourself to soak up the nearest dark beam. When your energy is maxed out, press RT to use a bomb and damage the remaining (light) cannons. If you damaged them a lot on that second revolution, the bomb should destroy quite a few of them. Switch polarities and soak up the powerful beams to max out your energy again; use your bombs to destroy the remaining cannons.

When all the cannons have been destroyed, the boss blows up and the level ends. You will get the achievement then.

YouTube credit to sibbie1023.