Metro 2033

Here's a list of all the disarmable traps in the game:

1. Chapter 2, Lost Tunnel. The derringer at the bandits' camp.
2. Chapter 2, Dead City 1. The explosive right before the level exit.
3.Chapter 2, Dead City 1. The derringer at the hotel's ranger cache.
4.Chapter 4, Frontline. The explosive under the bridge, Nazi side.
5.Chapter 4, Frontline. Explosives in the poisoned water. Nazi side.
6.Chapter 4, Frontline. Explosives in the poisoned water. Nazi side.
7.Chapter 4, Frontline. Explosives in the poisoned water. Nazi side.
8.Chapter 4, Depot. Explosives around the traincar before the exit.
9. Chapter 4, Depot. Explosives around the traincar before the exit.
10. Chapter 4, Depot. Explosives around the traincar before the exit.
11. Chapter 4, Depot. Explosives around the traincar before the exit.
12. Chapter 4, Defence. Explosive in the traincar past the entrance.
13. Chapter 4, Outpost. Explosives on the Nazi Outpost's top floor.
14. Chapter 4, Outpost. Explosives on the Nazi Outpost's top floor.
15. Chapter 4, Outpost. Explosives on the Nazi Outpost's top floor.

cred to simalcrum

The earliest this achievement can be unlocked is Frontline.

The first trap in Lost Tunnels is pointed out to you by Bourbon. The second is in the next level, Bridge, on the main path after you climb down from the tracks. The third and fourth are near the end of Dead City 1, in the building with the Ranger cache and the tape player. The fifth is in Cursed. After blowing up the tunnel and the airlock, check one of the many side entrances for the trap. Finally, there are 6 traps at the ground floor of Frontline, as you make your way over to the Nazi frontline.

Here's a path I found that will allow you to unlock the achievement on the level Depot:

Start at the Lost Tunnels. If you already completed the game, just chapter select to this level. Proceed until Bourbon points out a trap. This is your first trap. The next two are in Dead City 1. In the final building, proceed towards the Range Cache and you'll find two traps. Your total should now be three. Then in Frontline, go along the track towards your objective and take the stairs to the left, then go down and take a left into the underside of the bridge where most of the enemies are. Now turn right and jump down into the large pit. On your way towards your objective, you should encounter three traps in this pit. Your total should now be six. Lastly there's Depot. Once your railcar crashes, turn away from the rubble and on your way towards your objective, you should see an abandoned train. Around this, there are four traps to disarm. This should add up to a total of ten traps, giving you the achievement.

Edit: There should also be one on Bridge and one on Cursed, as noted by Zye Hatosu below. If anyone can find these locations, I'll add them to the guide. If you find those, you'll unlock the achievement even earlier.