Still Wakes the Deep

Right at the start of the game you should be able to access I believe 3 or 4 cabins which are the only missable ones. Then following the story much later on the rest of the cabins are visited by the linear path so it's impossible to miss them.

Only missable cabins are at the very start, inside Accommodation area.
There are total 05 cabins you can enter here at the beginning, I believe 4 of them are missable and will not be accessible after exiting from Accommodation area now.

Rest all accounted areas are story related and you won't miss any as they are required to go through them to progress in the game.

00:01:45 - Accommodation
00:03:25 - 03 Cabins (missable)
00:05:35 - 02 Cabins (missable)

The achievement will unlock as soon as you enter in Roy's cabin later in Accommodation (Third Visit) chapter for the insulin.
02:51:25 - Accommodation (Third Visit)
02:57:40 - "Snoop" Achievement

Extended Timestamps:
00:00:00 - Intro & Settings
00:01:45 - Accommodation
00:03:15 - Light switch (Electrical Appliance)
00:03:25 - 03 Cabins (missable)
00:05:00 - "McLeery" Achievement
00:05:35 - 02 Cabins (missable)
00:06:20 - TV in Crew Lounge (Electrical Appliance)
00:07:05 - 04 Conversations with crew members (Canteen)
00:09:15 - "All Beans and Forgiveness" Achievement

00:11:35 - Deck & Under Rig
00:12:05 - 04 Conversations with crew members (Deck)
00:15:10 - "Social Butterfly" Achievement
00:21:45 - "The Sickening of the Calm" Achievement
00:22:00 - 01/05 Sea Dive Death / 01 Death (Falling into Sea)
00:22:30 - Heater (Electrical Appliance)
00:27:55 - 02 Death (Falling from Balance Beam)
00:28:45 - 03 Death(Fire)

00:31:35 - LEG C
00:32:35 - 04 Death (Fall to Death)
00:36:55 - 05 Death (Steam)
00:41:45 - 01/19 Crew Member Body
00:43:05 - "Breathe In, Breathe Out, Repeat" Achievement

00:43:10 - Accommodation (Second Visit)
00:43:20 - Heater (Electric Appliance)
00:44:00 - 01 Phone-Call
00:48:30 - 01/07 Electrical Hazard Death / 06 Death (Electricity)
00:49:20 - 07 Death (Monster Veins/Blob)
00:51:30 - "Sailing By" Achievement

00:53:25 - Lifeboat Access (Port Side)
00:53:40 - 02/05 Sea Dive Death
00:56:00 - "Home by Christmas" Achievement
00:56:55 - 02 Phone-Call
00:58:25 - "Fahrenheit 0451" Achievement
00:59:00 - 03 Phone-Call

00:59:55 - Utility
01:02:15 - "Leaning Into It" Achievement
01:02:25 - "General Strike" Achievement
01:02:40 - 08 Death (Death by Monster - Trots)
01:05:20 - "Eye of the Needle" Achievement

01:06:00 - Deck (Second Visit)
01:07:05 - "Jetsam" Achievement
01:08:00 - 02/07 Electrical Hazard Death
01:10:00 - 02/19 Crew Member Body
01:11:47 - 03/19 Crew Member Body
01:12:35 - 04/19 Crew Member Body (not interactable)
01:12:45 - 09 Death (Death by Monster - Muir)
01:14:25 - 05/19 Crew Member Body
01:18:20 - 03/07 Electrical Hazard Death
01:21:40 - "Everything Breaks" Achievement
01:21:50 - 03/05 Sea Dive Death
01:22:45 - 04 Phone-Call
01:24:05 - 05 Phone-Call

01:25:00 - Administration
01:25:15 - 06 Phone-Call
01:27:15 - 04/07 Electrical Hazard Death
01:28:25 - 10 Death (Death by Monster - Rennick)
01:29:45 - 05/07 Electrical Hazard Death
01:30:55 - "I Am The King" Achievement

01:31:00 - Starboard Side
01:31:15 - 04/05 Sea Dive Death
01:32:55 - 07 Phone-Call
01:34:40 - 06/07 Electrical Hazard Death
01:35:35 - 11 Death (Gas)

01:37:25 - Engineering (First Visit)
01:46:40 - "Look At All This Mess!" Achievement
01:49:10 - 12 Death (Death by Monster - Addair)
01:53:10 - "Compression Ignition" Achievement
01:58:55 - "Into the Belly of the Beast" Achievement
01:58:10 - 08 Phone-Call

02:01:15 - LEG A & LEG B
02:02:05 - 13 Death (Fall while crossing pipeline)
02:03:50 - 06/19 Crew Member Body
02:08:55 - "Greased Scotsman" Achievement
02:09:10 - 07/19 Crew Member Body (he is in your way, no need to interact. Caz will make a remark after getting out of water)
02:09:30 - "Cerebral Anoxia" Achievement
02:12:25 - 08/19 Crew Member Body
02:13:40 - 09/19 Crew Member Body
02:19:10 - 10/19 Crew Member Body
02:19:40 - 14 Death (Death by Monster - O'Connor)
02:19:55 - "Finlay Destination" Achievement
02:23:20 - "Surfacing" Achievement

02:23:40 - Processing Quad (Accommodation)
02:24:00 - Heater (Electrical Appliance)
02:24:20 - 09 Phone-Call
02:26:20 - 10 Phone-Call
02:36:05 - "Beacon in the Dark" Achievement
02:36:30 - 05/05 Sea Dive Death
02:36:35 - "Full Fathom Five" Achievement

02:41:25 - Engineering (Second Visit)
02:47:10 - 07/07 Electrical Hazard Death
02:47:20 - "Not so Good with the 'Leccy" Achievement

02:51:25 - Accommodation (Third Visit)
02:51:30 - "Treading Water" Achievement
02:51:40 - Heater (Electrical Appliance)
02:52:05 - 11 Phone-Call
02:54:10 - 11/19 Crew Member Body (Automatic, unmissable)
02:54:30 - 12/19 Crew Member Body (Automatic, unmissable)
02:55:25 - 13/19 Crew Member Body
02:55:55 - 14/19 Crew Member Body (two bodies, count as one)
02:56:40 - 15/19 Crew Member Body (Automatic, unmissable)
02:57:20 - 16/19 Crew Member Body
02:57:40 - "Snoop" Achievement
02:57:50 - "Me and My Spoon" Achievement

02:58:45 - Roof and Marine Control
02:58:50 - "Beaufort Eleven" Achievement
03:01:00 - 12 Phone-Call
03:06:00 - 17/19 Crew Member Body
03:09:25 - "Good with the 'Leccy" Achievement
03:10:00 - "Leviathan" Achievement
03:14:05 - 13 Phone-Call
03:14:20 - "Clear Down" Achievement
03:16:30 - "The Drowning of Davey Rennick" Achievement
03:16:35 - 18/19 Crew Member Body (Unmissable, Probably Rennick's)

03:17:35 - Drill Ops
03:23:05 - 19/19 Crew Member Body (Unmissable, Finlay's)
03:25:10 - "Body Count" Achievement

03:25:35 - Derrick
03:25:40 - "The Horror Sings" Achievement

03:27:15 - Epilogue

After Credits:
03:31:30 - "Still Wakes The Deep" Achievement
03:31:40 - "Walking Simulator" Achievement
03:31:50 - "Bheir an cuan a chuid fhèin a-mach" Achievement

03:31:55 - Subscribe!