The Amazing Spider-Man

Super hero difficulty isn't too horribly hard, but there are a few parts that can be kind of frustrating. The damage it takes to take down enemies seems to be the same, but they do quite a bit more damage to you, so be aware of that. I will be outlining some general tips and then tips for specific parts that gave me trouble
First and most importantly, take your time. If you have the option to sneak around rather than just go in head first, do it.
Use the enviroment pieces to take down multiple people or stronger enemies when there are smaller crowds. It can ruin your day to have one guy that can block and screw up your combo in a crowd. Make the stronger enemies your first targets.
Plan your upgrades. For me, getting the double thread was a must so you can take down two enemies at once with the stealth takedown. Increasing your combo boost was important too so you can build up those signature moves faster. However, getting about mid game, you will need to start focusing on defense, so keep that in mind.
I would say if you find yourself having trouble, go ahead and do the side missions, but if this is your second playthrough I would skip the long side missions (such as the black cat bank heist) as there isn't a whole lot to be gained here that can't be gained from xp farming the S-01 fight. The one group of side missions I would say are a must would be the secret labs as they give you more tech upgrades.
Also, keep in mind who you do and do not have to fight. If it is possible to just float through an area without confrontation, do it. You should have more than enough xp gain from fights you either have to do or are comfortable doing, so getting into it with every bad guy you run across can get frustrating if they manage to get the upper hand on you.
Some stuff for specific parts of the game that may help you out.
During the protect Whitney segment near the start of the game, I had a lot of trouble trying to kill off everyone and keep her alive. If you have the same issue, stay right where the game sets you after they start shooting at her and just take turns webbing each of them up. It does help if your webs are stronger, but isn't absolutly needed for this. If you don't attack at all it seems like it takes a little longer, but only three guys will be shooting at her and you should have no problem keeping them at bay.
Most of the boss fights are fairly simple if you learn the enemies routine. Just pay attention to if you need to dodge, multi-dodge, or roll away. For me, the only big problems were the S-02 and Smythe.
For the S-02, the fight is pretty simple until you get to the rooftop. After you hit him a time or two his laser attacks across the rooftop can be a pain to jump over, so use your webswing. You will easily be able to clear them.
Fighting Smythe I had the same problem, but webswinging here didn't help me. What I ended up doing was hitting him with webs a few times, then web rush decently far away from him, rinse, repeat.
Other than that there really aren't too many difficult parts to work around. Just keep all your abilities in mind and take it slow. You should have no problems. If your having an issue, post a comment and I will help the best I can.

The best thing that can be done with Superhero difficulty is to couple it along with all of the other collectible achievements because you need the upgrades in order to give you an edge.

You die incredibly fast on Superhero so the web retreat (LB) becomes your best friend. Silent Takedown a henchmen and then web retreat away and repeat.

On levels with Infected make a solid note of the heavies and as soon as you have upgraded your web throw constantly grab them and toss them. This leaves them down on the ground and an easy takedown.

For the part where you are protecting Whitney simple web-rush (make sure you slow time down) and hit them with your shooters a handful of times. Most of the time they are going to fly back and be stuck to the wall.

Bosses are simple but there are some trouble areas:

S-02 Fight:

Make sure you are always using web escape to dodge the massive laser that auto targets you. Web Escape is the only way to avoid it without being one shotted for the most part.

When you reach the second portion of the fight the best thing you can do is spam your shooters as fast as you can and constantly jump, using your web rush to move quickly out of the way of the lasers.

Hunter Fight:

Do not get caught in one of those blue explosive orbs, it is a one shot. Slow down time with web rush and move away as fast as possible. Don't worry too much about using your shooters just spam RB and once you get close enough hit it again for an attack on them.

Exo-01
For this fight just run in a circle around him and if you uses a cross laser just use a small jump to hop over. Constantly fire your shooters to take him out with ease.

The Lizard:
When you first fight him he will attack with a three hit combo and immediately do a tailspin that you need to do a quick roll away from. Just take it slow and do your best to tag him a few times and move away.

The second portion of the fight is fairly straight forward however whenever he dives at the platform just roll off to the side and use a web rush back up to the ceiling.

Other then that just make sure you use stealth as best as you can and only hop down once you only have one or two guys left. If you have any questions comment.