Transcripted

Each sample has medals awarded at the end of it based on your performance. Different levels have different medals and there can be up to 4 for a sample. Some examples of medals include Time, Damage Taken and Combo's. It is mostly possible to achieve all medals in one shot but the game tracks your best effort per medal so you can easily do them in separate replays. I am currently working through an Easy playthrough for this and seem to have no issues achieving Diamond Status.

The awards are given in consecutive order and are as follows.
Bronze
Silver
Gold
Gold with Blue Border
Blue (Diamond?)

I'm not sure if Gold with Blue Border counts as diamond or it must be full blue but I will update once I finish my playthrough by maintaining at least one medal at Gold/Blue Border if possible. Good Luck!

Edit: *Confirmed that Gold with Blue Border is not Diamond*

Tips:
For Combo medals it seems to track total combos and not combo chain length so work mostly towards maximum number of combo chains as opposed to a few larger ones. *After working on this more it seemed that a few large chains became necessary for the Diamond medal. I completed one level with two chains as my only matches.
Damage Taken does not require perfect runs and seems to track health lost, shield damage seems irrelevant.
Upgrades seem to be a tricky one. I found having my guns at level 6 and collecting an extra orbiting Xeno-turret was enough for the Diamond. To get the extra turrets you needs to buy the upgrade in the research menu, far right on the top, and then destroy the blue ball that starts flying around the level. Once the blue ball is destroyed there is a hacking circle that you need to stay in until the circle fills up, then you gain the extra turret.